@ajdajzler: Furthermore, activation of the RAGE downstream pathway by GA-AGEs evokesinflammatory reactions and impairs insulin signaling in human hepatoma Hep3B cells by stimulatingthe c-Jun N-terminal kinase- and inhibitor-κB kinase-dependent serine phosphorylation of insulinreceptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) via Rac-1 activation [86–88]